Why German Generals Said This Unknown American Ruined Their Bulge Plan – St. Vith 1944 D

 

A brigadier general stepped out of a jeep at a command post in the Belgian town of St. Vit. Behind him were three men, an operations officer, an aid, and a driver. It was December 17th, 1944. The largest German offensive since Normandy had been raging for 24 hours. The general standing in the snow was about to become the only thing between 100,000 German soldiers and the collapse of the Allied front.

 His name was Bruce C. Clark. Nobody in the American press had ever heard of him. Nobody in the German high command knew his name. Even most of the soldiers he was about to command had never seen his face. Inside the command post, Major General Allan Jones looked like a man watching everything fall apart. His 106th Infantry Division was being torn to pieces.

 Two of his three regiments were surrounded on the Schnee Eiffel Ridge east of town. Communication with them was failing. German armor was pushing through gaps his infantry couldn’t hold. Jones turned to Clark and said he had thrown in his last chips. Clark had come to St. Vit expecting to pass through on his way to a routine assignment. Instead, he was inheriting a catastrophe.

His combat command, CCB of the Seventh Armored Division, was still hours away, stuck on roads clogged with retreating soldiers and fleeing civilians. He had no troops, no prepared positions, no intelligence on what was coming. But he knew one thing. The Germans were already 24 hours behind schedule.

 They needed the town immediately. They had an entire poner army aimed at it. What they didn’t know was that the man standing in that command post had already beaten their commanding general once before. The German offensive was called Vakam Rin. Watch on the Rine. Hitler’s plan to split the Allied armies, capture the port of Antwerp, and force a negotiated peace.

The main effort ran through the Arden forest of Belgium. Three German armies attacking along a 60-mile front. The most critical objective in the first 48 hours was a small Belgian town that most Americans had never heard of. St. Vit sat at the junction of seven major roads and two rail lines. Every German division pushing west needed those roads.

 Without Saint Vit, the offensive would jam up behind its own traffic. General Hassofon Manto commanded the fifth panser army, the strongest of the three German armies in the Arden. His orders were explicit. St. Vit had to fall on day one. Mantofl had planned the timetable himself. His leading divisions would punch through the thinly held American lines, bypass resistance where possible, and seize the road junction before the Americans could organize a defense.

 By 6:00 p.m. on December 16th, German tanks were supposed to be rolling through Saint Vit heading west. The schedule allowed no delays. every hour mattered. But by the afternoon of December 17th, Mantuffel’s timetable was already slipping. The Americans were fighting harder than expected. Traffic jams on narrow forest roads were slowing his armor.

 And now a general he had never heard of was standing in St. Vit with three men. Mantofl should have heard of Bruce Clark. The last time Clark’s unit had stood in his path, it cost him 200 tanks. 3 months earlier, September 1944, the fields of Lraine in eastern France, Clark had commanded combat command A of the fourth armored division.

 During some of the most vicious tank fighting on the Western Front, his opponent in the mud of Lraine was the same man now driving through the snow of the Arden. Mantoyel threw wave after wave of ponsers at Clark’s positions over two weeks. Fresh brigades rushed from Germany with orders to stop the American advance cold.

 Clark didn’t fight the way German commanders expected. He refused to hold fixed positions and wait for the blow. Instead, he developed what he called mobile defense. Small groups of Shermans constantly moving between firing positions, appearing on one road, knocking out a Panther, disappearing, reappearing on a different road two miles away.

 German tankers reported American armor everywhere. They couldn’t pin down Clark’s strength because Clark never stayed in one place long enough to be counted. When it was over, Mantol’s losses were staggering. Clark lost fewer than 50 Shermans. The victory at Ericore made Clark one of the most experienced armored commanders in the US Army.

 By December 1944, he had transferred to the seventh armored division, commanding combat command B. But he wasn’t famous. He wasn’t flashy. He didn’t give interviews or cultivate reporters. He was the kind of general who won battles and let other people take credit, which is exactly why nobody at home knew his name.

 and exactly why nobody in the German high command recognized the threat when Clark showed up at St. Vit with three men in a jeep. Clark had been ordered to move his combat command through Saint Vit to a position further east. A routine road march, nothing urgent. Then he walked into Jones’s command post and realized there was no further east.

 Further east was German. Jones was broken. His 106th Infantry Division had been in the line for only 5 days before the offensive hit. Most of his men had never heard a shot fired in anger. Now two regiments were encircled and the third was barely holding. Jones told Clark that he was giving him responsibility for the defense of St. Vit.

 Clark tried to explain that his combat command, roughly 2,500 men with tanks and armored infantry, was still on the road north of town, stuck in massive traffic jams. It didn’t matter. Jones had nothing left to give. The handover was informal. No written orders, no detailed briefing, just one general telling another that the situation was hopeless and the defense was now his problem.

Clark walked outside and looked east. Somewhere in the forest, Mantoyful’s puner divisions were grinding closer. He had three men and a radio. CCB wouldn’t arrive until that evening at the earliest. Maybe not until morning. Clark started doing the only thing he could. He grabbed every stray unit he could find.

 Engineers, headquarters personnel, stragglers from broken units, and positioned them on the roads leading into town. These scratch forces weren’t going to stop a pouncer army, but they might buy ours, and ours were all Clark needed. CCB began arriving late on the evening of December 17th. Roughly 2,500 men, tanks, armored infantry, engineers, artillery.

It wasn’t much against an entire poner army, but Clark didn’t need an army. He needed enough force to make Mantoyful think he had one. Clark organized his defense immediately. No sleep, no reconnaissance. He placed units based on map study, an instinct built from decades of armored warfare experience. He didn’t dig in.

 That was the critical decision. A conventional commander would have established a fixed defensive line east of St. Vit and told his men to hold it. Clark knew that a static line would be identified, targeted, and overwhelmed within hours. Instead, he set up the same mobile defense that had destroyed Mentofl’s tanks at Aracort. Small armored teams positioned at key road junctions with orders to hit hard and then move.

 Never stay in one position long enough for the Germans to concentrate against you. Fall back when pressure builds, then counterattack somewhere unexpected. make the enemy chase ghosts. His tank crews worked through the night. They learned the roads, identified alternate routes, planned withdrawal paths. By dawn on December 18th, Clark had built something that looked on paper like a disaster waiting to happen.

 Two tank companies, scattered infantry, no continuous defensive line. Gaps everywhere. But Clark didn’t need a wall. He needed a shadow that looked like a wall. December 18th, German forces hit Clark’s positions for the first time. Puner grenaders pushed down the roads from the east, expecting to brush aside whatever thin screen the Americans had left.

 They ran into Shermans. Clark’s tanks fired from concealed positions, knocked out the lead vehicles, then pulled back before the Germans could call in artillery. 30 minutes later, those same tanks appeared on a different road 2 mi north and hit a German column from the flank. The effect was psychological as much as physical.

 German commanders reported American armor across their entire front. They couldn’t identify the boundaries of the force they were facing because there were no boundaries. Clark had two tank companies doing the work of a regiment. They moved constantly, never engaging for more than a few minutes before displacing. German intelligence officers tried to make sense of the reports flooding in from their forward units.

 American tanks here, American tanks there, armored infantry blocking this road, a counterattack on that road. Their conclusion was exactly what Clark wanted. They reported to Mentoel that they faced a substantial American armored force, possibly an entire core dug in around St. Vit. Mantoel adjusted his plans accordingly. Instead of a quick thrust through a weak point, he began preparing a deliberate assault against what he believed was a major defensive position.

 He started pulling additional divisions toward St. Vit. Forces that were supposed to be driving west toward the Muse River were now being redirected to crack Clark’s Phantom Corps. Every division Mantoyel redirected was a division that wasn’t threatening the Allied rear. And every hour he spent planning a deliberate assault was an hour the Allies used to organize their response.

On December 19th, the disaster was sealed. The two regiments of the 106th Infantry Division that had been surrounded on the Schne Eiffel surrendered. Over 7,000 American soldiers walked into German captivity. It was the largest mass surrender of American troops in the European theater. Clark’s flank ceased to exist overnight.

 The units that had been holding positions to his north and south were gone. German forces poured through the gaps. They flowed around St. Vit on both sides heading west. Clark was now an island. His small force held the town and the road junction while German division streamed past on either side.

 He was surrounded on three sides and his supply line to the west was narrowing by the hour. Any rational assessment said Clark should withdraw. He was outnumbered, outgunned, and the units that were supposed to be protecting his flanks had either surrendered or been destroyed. Clark stayed. He adjusted his perimeter. He pulled in his most exposed positions and tightened the defense around the road junction itself.

 He couldn’t hold everything, but he could hold enough to keep the roads blocked. Brigadier General Robert Hasbrook, commanding the seventh armored division overall, handled the logistics and political coordination with Higher Headquarters. Clark ran the fight and the fight was about to get much worse because Adolf Hitler had just learned that his timetable was 3 days behind schedule and he was sending his personal sledgehammer to fix the problem.

The Furer Beglight Brigade was not a normal unit. It was Hitler’s personal escort formation expanded into a full armored brigade and sent to the Arden with a single mission. Its commander was Colonel Otto Ernst Rmmer, the same officer who had crushed the July 20th assassination plot against Hitler by securing Berlin for the Nazi regime.

Rymer was a true believer. His brigade was well equipped, fully manned, and motivated. They had been held in reserve specifically for situations like this. When the offensive hit an obstacle that the regular forces couldn’t overcome, that obstacle was Bruce Clark. Hitler was furious that St.

 Vit still hadn’t fallen. His entire timetable depended on those roads. The furer beglight brigade was his answer. crush whatever was holding the town and get the offensive moving again. Rymer’s brigade joined the assault on Clark’s perimeter on December 20th. Fresh troops, fresh tanks against a force that had been fighting without rest for 3 days.

 Clark felt the increase in pressure immediately. The probing attacks became fullcale assaults. German artillery bargages intensified. His men were exhausted. Ammunition was running low. Every casualty was irreplaceable because there were no reserves coming. Clark now faced the best Germany had left and his force was getting smaller by the hour.

On December 21st, Clark made the decision that would define the defense of Saint Vit. He couldn’t hold his current perimeter. It was too large for his shrinking force. He contracted into what headquarters would later call the fortified goose egg, an oval-shaped defensive perimeter centered on the western approaches to St. Vit.

 Tighter lines, shorter distances between units, fewer gaps for the Germans to exploit. Every position he abandoned meant giving up ground he couldn’t take back, but every position he held meant stretching his men thinner. Clark chose concentration over coverage. He packed his remaining forces into the smallest defensible area possible and told them to hold.

 Hasbrook was managing the increasingly difficult relationship with higher command. 18th Airborne Corps under General Matthew Rididgeway now had authority over the Saint Vit area. Ridgeway wanted Clark to hold as long as possible, but was preparing withdrawal plans if the situation became untenable. Clark wasn’t thinking about withdrawal yet.

 He was thinking about making the Germans pay for every yard. Inside the goose egg, his tank crews were down to partial loads of ammunition. His infantry had been fighting in the same positions for days without rotation. Medical evacuation was becoming impossible as the perimeter shrank. But the road junction was still blocked.

 Mantoflel’s forces still couldn’t use St. Vit’s seven roads to push west. And every hour Clark held was an hour Patton was using to turn third army north toward the German flank. Elements of the 87th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron held one of the most exposed sections of Clark’s perimeter. The detachment had arrived at Saint Vit with seven officers and roughly 150 men.

 By December 22nd, they had no officers left. 30 men were still fighting. Not 30 men still alive. 30 men still in the line, still firing, still holding their sector. Sergeants commanding what had been platoon, corporals running what was left of squads. They weren’t unique. Every unit in the goose egg was being consumed. Tank crews fought until their vehicles were knocked out, then fought as infantry.

 Engineers laid mines and then picked up rifles. Cooks and clerks filled gaps in the line. Clark himself hadn’t slept in a building since December 17th. Seven nights in his jeep, driving from position to position, checking his units, making decisions that determined who lived and who died. He could have used a command post in a warm building. Other generals did.

 Clark wouldn’t do it. His men were sleeping in frozen foxholes in sub-zero temperatures. He would sleep in his jeep. Seven nights in the same cold his soldiers endured. The human cost was staggering. Clark’s command suffered devastating losses over 7 days. By some estimates, casualties in the St. Vit sector exceeded 2,000 men, killed, wounded, and missing.

 But the defense held, and every day it held was a day MTO fell further behind the schedule that the entire German offensive depended on. December 22nd, Mantofl committed everything he had left against the goose egg. Infantry, armor, and artillery in a coordinated assault from three directions. German shells tore through Clark’s perimeter.

 Poner grenaders pushed into the gaps. Tanks ground forward through the snow. The defensive line buckled in multiple places. German infantry penetrated positions that had held for 5 days. Clark personally moved between threatened sectors, redirecting his dwindling reserves. There were no reserves in any meaningful sense.

 Clark was pulling men from quiet sectors and throwing them at breaches, hoping the quiet sectors stayed quiet long enough. By nightfall, the eastern side of the goose egg had collapsed. German troops were inside the perimeter. The road junction that Clark had held for 6 days was about to be overrun.

 Ridgeway made the call. Withdraw. Clark had done everything asked of him and more. The defense of St. Vit had bought six critical days. Now he had to get his surviving men out before the goose egg became a grave. The problem was that getting out alive might be harder than holding on. December 23rd, Clark executed a withdrawal under pressure that military historians would later call one of the finest retrograde operations of the war.

 This was not a retreat. This was a planned, disciplined movement conducted in daylight with German forces pressing from three sides. Clark’s plan was methodical. Vehicles pulled out one by one from the western side of the perimeter while a rear guard on the eastern side continued fighting. The rear guard didn’t just hold their positions.

 They simulated the activity of a full defensive line. Machine guns fired from positions that had already been evacuated. Mortars dropped rounds from pre-registered locations with skeleton crews. The men left behind made enough noise and enough fire to convince German commanders that the entire American force was still in place. By the time the Germans realized Clark was leaving, most of his surviving force had slipped through the narrowing corridor to the west.

 The rear guard pulled out last, moving through the snow to link up with the main body. Not every man made it. Some rear guard positions were overrun before they could withdraw, but the bulk of Clark’s force escaped intact with their vehicles and their wounded. They reformed behind the new defensive line that had been established further west.

 Behind them, Mantoyel’s forces finally controlled the last American positions west of St. Vit. The roads were open 7 days after the Germans were supposed to take the town in an afternoon. The next evening was Christmas Eve. On the evening of December 24th, 1944, Hassofon Mantol contacted Hitler’s agitant at the wolf’s lair. His message was blunt.

 He recommended calling off the entire Ardan offensive. 7 days. One brigadier general with a scratch force of 2,500 men had cost the fifth Poner army an entire week. The timetable that the offensive depended on was destroyed beyond recovery. While Clark held St. Vit, Patton had turned third army 90° north and attacked into the German southern flank.

Montgomery had organized the northern shoulder. The 101st Airborne had dug in at Baston and refused to break. But those responses took time. Time that Clark bought with blood. The defense of St. V didn’t just delay one German army. It broke the back of the entire offensive. Traffic that should have been flowing west was paralyzed for miles behind the town.

 Mantoflel had burned his precious fuel and time, fighting a ghost. Eisenhower would later call the defense of St. Vit the turning point of the Battle of the Bulge, but almost nobody remembers it. The story of the Bulge became the story of Baston, the 101st Airborne, surrounded and defiant. McAuliff’s legendary one-word response to the German surrender demand.

 Baston was a supporting attack. The Germans wanted it, but didn’t need it. St. Vit was the main effort. The entire offensive depended on those roads. Clark held the main attack for seven days and nobody learned his name. McAuliffe said one word and became immortal. In 1965, more than 20 years after the battle, a documentary crew brought two retired generals together in Watertown, New York.

 Bruce Clark and Hasso Fon Manto, the man who defended St. Vit and the man who tried to take it. Former enemies now citizens of Allied nations. Mantoyo looked at Clark and told him something that nobody had known for two decades. German intelligence had estimated they were fighting an entire American corps at St. Vit. Not a combat command, not 2,500 men, a core.

 Clark’s two tank companies had fooled the entire fifth poner army. Mantoflel told Clark that the defense of St. Vit had spoiled the German plan. Not delayed it. Spoiled it. The entire offensive died because one general with almost no resources madeel fight for a town he was supposed to take in an afternoon.

 Clark listened quietly. He was 63 years old by then, retired, living without fame or celebrity. He never gave self-promoting interviews after the war, never wrote a best-selling memoir, never appeared on television to claim credit. The loudest voices in the Bulge story belonged to McAuliffe and Montgomery. Clark just did the job and went home.

 His men knew what happened at St. Vit. The 87th Recon survivors knew. The tank crews who drove those roads for seven straight days knew. Mantofl knew. It took the enemy commander himself sitting across a table 20 years later to finally confirm what Clark had accomplished.

 

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